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ASPECTS OF TCP/IP
TCP/IP relies on certain functions and configuration settings to operate correctly. In this section, we look at some of the most crucial aspects of the protocol suite and other functions on which it depends. Pay special attention to these items because without an understanding of them, you’re probably going to find yourself either suffering from a big headache or pulling your hair out from frustration.
Gateways and Routing
Routing is the process of getting your data across a network. Routing a datagram is very similar to traveling in your car. Before you drive off to your destination, you must determine which roads you are going to take to get there, and sometimes you have to change your mind along the way, altering your route for any number of possible reasons - a road may be closed, or traffic may be too heavy on a certain highway. TCP/IP routing follows this same concept.
The IP portion of the TCP/IP protocol takes care of identifying the starting point and the destination for your data. If IP doesn’t know the address of the destination for the datagram and can’t find out, it sends the datagram to its gateway. Typically, each host on a TCP/IP network has a gateway - an off-ramp for datagrams that are not destined for the local network. If a datagram is sent to the gateway, the gateway then takes on the job of forwarding the datagram to the remote destination.
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